Neurtrons help unlock secrets to cheaper ethanol

Promote cheaper generic drugs to patients – and help contain medical inflation.

Enzymatic Processes to Unlock the Lignin Value

Main hurdles of lignin valorization are its diverse chemical composition, recalcitrance, and poor solubility due to high-molecular weight and branched structure. Controlled fragmentation of lignin could lead to its use in higher value products such as binders, coatings, fillers, etc. Oxidative enzymes (i.e., laccases and peroxidases) have long been proposed as a potentially promising tool in li...

Keys to unlock cancer: targeted therapy.

935 For decades, perhaps even centuries, researchers have searched for a cure for cancer. The effort has taken many approaches, from surgery to cytotoxic or cytostatic chemotherapy to radiation therapy to agents that alter the cellular microenvironment to preventive measures, such as nutrition, screening, and medications. The ultimate goal of each intervention has been to specifi cally affect t...

Programming cheaper dependable systems

Services must be dependable if they are to deliver the benefit that justifies the cost of deploying them. Services must be sufficiently dependable for their purpose, but no more costly than is necessary to achieve that level of dependability. This document describes some work on identifying programming concepts that can be exploited to reduce the cost of dependable systems. This includes both t...

Cheaper patents

The 1883 Patents Act in Britain provides perspective formodern patent policy reforms because it radically changed incentives for inventors by reducing filing fees by 84 percent. Patents increased 2.5-fold after the reform, which was evenly distributed across the geography of inventors, the organization of invention 0 September 2010 ccepted 15 October 2010 vailable online 30 November 2010